Uses of alkanes alkenes and alkynes pdf

Compounds with at least one double or triple bond 2. As a result of the double or triple bond nature, alkenes and alkynes have fewer hydrogen atoms than comparable alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. Organic reactions summary alkenes, alkynes and variations. Alkynes contain one or more carboncarbon triple bonds. Reaction in which the elements of water h and oh are. Additions are the most common reactions using alkenes and alkynes addition to. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen and single bonds. Main difference is want to find the longest carbon chain that contains the double bond. Eventhough the use of them may overlaps in some cases, each of them is a compound on their own. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons which are formed by single bonding. Organic chemistry university of california riverside. The alkanes are saturated hydrocarbonsthat is, hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. It is also known as paraffins or saturated hydrocarbons because carbon and hydrogen atoms are linked together exclusively by single bonds.

Alkenes are hydrocarbons with cc bonds and alkynes are hydrocarbons with c. The iupac system uses the chain with the greater number of substituents, thus using the. This triple bond is what separates alkynes from other. All uses of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes in industry and. The alkene family is one of the most important classes of molecules in all of organic chemistry.

For instance, for octyne, one can choose to write either oct3yne or 3octyne when the covalent bond starts at the third carbon. Rbr from alkenes antimarkovnikov addition of hbr using free radical chemistry. First four alkanes are used as a fuel mainly for heating and cooking purpose. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds and are quite reactive. The solid wedge is used to denote a group sticking out of the plane of the. Unsaturated hydrocarbons alkenes and alkynes react with h 2 in the presence of finely divided catalysts such as platinum, palladium or nickel to form alkanes. Reaction in which halogen is introduced into a molecule 3 hydration. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen saturated hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that possess a double or triple covalent bond between neighboring carbon atoms. The chemistry of these compounds is called organic chemistry.

Alkenes use the same iupac nomenclature rules seen for alkanes. This use of cis and trans is convenient and unambiguous, but this is often not true of. Chapter 12 alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Mathematically, this can be indicated by the following general formulas. For alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons, spring models. All hydrocarbons, inclusive of alkynes, are repellant to water but are likely to. Alkanes belong to a homologus series of organic compounds in which the members differ by a constant molecular mass of 14 that is ch2. The suffix yne is used to indicate the presence of a triple bond. Alkenes contain one or more carboncarbon double bonds. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen. As for the alkenes, it has for the very least double bonds compared to alkanes single bond. Introduction to alkenes and alkynes in an alkane, all covalent bonds.

For making models of alkanes, you can use toothpicks for bonds and plasticine balls for atoms. Preparation of alkanes from unsaturated hydrocarbons. Cng, petrol, diesel are used as fuels for automobiles. Identify each as an alkane, an alkene, or an alkyne. Compound with only single bonds unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkynes are usually named with the greek prefix system without adding any letters. The voids uses of alkanes alkanes are compounds that consist only carbon and hydrogen, it is a hydrocarbon. Unbranched alkenes are analogous to unbranched alkanes.

Used english order of vowels, however, to name the groups a, e, i, o, u a e i o u alkane alkene alkine. Alkanes, or saturated hydrocarbons, contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms. This article details the structure of alkenes, how to name them, their relation to benzene, their uses, and some of their most common reactions. Hydrocarbons are further divided into several structural types called, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics. Pdf computing the harmonic index for alkanes, alkenes and. Double elimination from dibromoalkanes to form alkynes and terminal acetylides used in many additional. The alkanes from pentane to octane are highly volatile liquids and good solvents for nonpolar substances. Butane in used in cigarette lighters where the pressure at room temperature is about 2 bar. Traditionally, alkynes are known as acetylenes, formally referred to as ethyne. The lewis structures and models of methane, ethane, and pentane are illustrated in figure \\pageindex1\. Ii alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes georgia institute of.

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons in which carboncarbon triple bond exists between the two carbon atoms. If the groups r1 r4 bonded to the central carbon atom use these. Naming compounds with double and triple bonds generic names alkane alkene alkyne. Each of the carbon atoms in an alkane has sp 3 hybrid orbitals and is bonded to four other atoms, each of which is either carbon or hydrogen. Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are similar in name but they are slightly different. Alkanes is hydrocarbon compound with one single bond. Propane and butane can be liquefied at fairly low pressures, and are used, for example, in the propane gas burner, or as propellants in aerosol sprays.